The Mainstreaming Of The Internet And Social Networking Sites

The mainstreaming of the internet and social networking sites has facilitated bullying and seen the evolution of the cyberbully. NSW Department of Education and Communities (2011b), define bullying as â€Å"repeated verbal, physical, social or psychological behavior that is harmful and involves the misuse of power†¦ towards one or more persons†. However, bullying becomes cyberbullying when the perpetrator uses technology to execute the attack (Bryce and Fraser, 2013). Bullying is considered to be one of the most widespread forms of aggression in schools with impacts ranging from anxiety and distress to more serious impacts such as suicide (Drennan, Brown Mort, 2011; Kwan Skoric, 2013). Studies have shown three distinguishing features that differentiate cyberbullying; anonymity, a wider audience and the longevity of content loaded onto the internet (Bryce and Fraser; Kwan Skoric). Furthermore, Bryce and Fraser found disinhibition of the perpetrator to be a factor in the severity of the bullying with young people reporting aggressors would say things online that they potentially would not say in person. Research highlights the fact that it is the same features of online social networking intended to increase connectivity such as increased capability to share information and tools to broaden our social network; that also increase the potential for attack (Kwan Skoric). This growing body of research clearly defines additional vulnerabilities due to the addition of technologyShow MoreRelatedRacism And Dissemination Based On Hatred And Racial Superiority1274 Words   |  6 Pages Racism on the Internet Kristofer Palmer Texas AM University San Antonio Aug 8, 2014 Racism and dissemination based on hatred and racial superiority were pressing social problem prior to the emergence of the information age and digital communications. Long before the internet entered our homes racist groups made use of other communication tools including the telephone networks as far back as theRead MoreOnline Education : The Final Milestone Of American Culture1437 Words   |  6 Pagesthey can afford. That’s where online education comes in as an exciting alternative. Colleges and universities should offer more fully online courses because it can benefit tech savvy students, busy scheduled students, and students with physical or social disorders. Online courses are stress-free and with online tools it is much easier to learn at their pace. Whether they have to work during the day, or take care of a child, going to strictly scheduled events may not be an option for them. ThereforeRead MoreImpact of Ict on Education in Kenya5848 Words   |  24 Pagesearliest. Children learn faster and can adapt to changes relatively easily. If they are trained during their school years, they have a high chance of becoming experts in technology. Computers can give lovelier explanations to various subjects. The internet is an ocean of information which can be harnessed for the rendition of information in school. The inclusion of technology in the learning process makes learning an enjoyable activity, thus inviting greater interest from the learners. The administrationRead MoreSamsung Case Study6174 Words   |  25 Pages educational reform, science and technology influences Samsung as well. | * Main contributor of economy status in south KoreaChange driver- top down reform of the Korean economy to meet the rapidly changing conditions of the world economy. | SOCIAL | TECHNOLOGICAL | * Value human capital and their culture.Change driver- provides equality in different generations, gender, levels and departments. | * Making technology as an important aspect in company’s developmentChange driver- quickRead MoreSharing Economy10348 Words   |  42 Pages.................................................................. 7 Economical benefits.......................................................................................................................................................... 7 Social benefits ................................................................................................................................................................... 7 A MULTI-LEVEL PERSPECTIVE ON THE SHARING ECONOMY .....................Read MoreAll About Peace Education13195 Words   |  53 Pagesrelations between peoples of the world. Though the world has changed over the past sixty years and continues to change at an ever increasing rate, UNESCO’s mission - a commitment to promoting universal values of peace and nonviolence, human rights and social justice, intercultural dialogue and mutual understanding – persists with growing urgency. UNESCO’s approach to educating for peace is multidimensional, in that it links education with a range of activities that address the root causes of violence

What Is Hypnosis Free Essays

string(170) " a rate of 9 to 14 cycles per second and are present when we are engaged in some relaxed, creative or problem solving task and are accompanied by feelings of well-being\." What Is Hypnosis? Describe the psychological and physical aspects of hypnosis and discuss the role of relaxation in Hypnotherapy. Before we can begin to discuss anything about hypnotherapy, it is important to discuss what hypnosis actually is. This essay aims to arrive at a definition of hypnosis by describing the psychological and physical aspects and looking at it use by hypnotherapists and the role of relaxation within this. We will write a custom essay sample on What Is Hypnosis or any similar topic only for you Order Now The history of hypnosis dates back to the times of ancient Egypt and it has been quite a contentious history. From Mesmer to de Puysegur in the 1700’s; from the first use of the term hypnosis by Braid in 1840 to it’s use as an anaesthetic in surgery by Esdaile and Elliotson; from the work of Erikson (widely regarded to be the grandfather of modern hypnosis) to the present day, the debate continues and theorists are divided as to the true nature of hypnosis. These differences of opinion stem from difficulties in actually measuring hypnosis. Hypnosis is a subjective experience and, as such, no two individuals who undergo the process will have exactly the same experience. Often requiring the use of psychological measures, it is, therefore, more difficult to measure reliably in comparison to physiological matters such as heart rate and blood pressure; although, technological advances in the use of EEG’s (electroencephalograms) and neuroimaging have been very useful. Hence, the nature of hypnosis has long been the subject of contentious debate between those who seek scientific experimental explanations of its various psychological and physical aspects and those hypnotherapists who seek to use it as a tool with which to help people. Even today, theorists are divided into two camps: State theorists who believe that the practice of hypnosis brings about an altered state of consciousness and non-state theorists who believe that the hypnotic state or trance is little different from everyday relaxation and that its effects are merely reactions to suggestions which would have occurred without the use of hypnotic induction, e. g. Spanos (1982). However, for the purpose of this essay, I will assume that the state theorists are correct and assert that hypnosis is an altered state of mind which occurs through the use of a set of techniques by the hypnotist. It can enhance a person’s concentration and responsiveness to suggestion in order to enable them to make desired and beneficial changes to their behaviours, feelings, thoughts and physiological state, thereby enhancing their lives. There are a number of complex psychological aspects involved in hypnosis. In 1951, Solomon Asch carried out a study of conformity whereby subjects were told that they were taking part in a study of visual perception with 6 other people. In fact, only one person in each group was the true subject of Asch’s experiment as the other 6 were aware of the true nature of the study. Each participant in turn (the subject being last) was asked to say which line from a set of three was the same length as the line on the target card. The answers were obvious, but on hearing all the other participants give incorrect answers, in one out of three trials they gave the same incorrect answers. In the control group where the subjects were asked to write their answers in private, incorrect responses were rare. This experiment has been difficult to replicate more recently as modern culture has changed the way that people conform. The work of Milgram in 1963 showed that ordinary people (65% of subjects) were willing to follow the instructions of an authority figure even if this involved apparently causing harm to others i. e, punishing them with a shock of 450 volts for answering a question incorrectly. Such studies show that, as people, we tend to be more comfortable when we fit in, conform, or comply with the instructions of those in authority. As clients would generally be considered to have some level of rapport with their hypnotist it is reasonable to assume that some responses to suggestion could be explained in these terms. For example, if a hypnotist suggests that a clients arm feels so light that it may float into the air, the client may raise their arm because they feel that this is what is expected and they would feel uncomfortable if they did not conform with the perceived expectation of the hypnotist. It is important to understand this innate need to conform, which we all have, in terms of the people with whom we will work and always endeavour to treat people with respect and professionalism. There is also a possibility that some aspect of role-play may be involved on the part of the client i. , they may behave in a way that they believe a hypnotised person should behave. The concept of attribution may also have a part to play; i. e. does the subject attribute the experience they have had to having being hypnotised or do they attribute their experience to having been deeply relaxed and engrossed in their internal image? Other psychological aspects involved in hypnosis are the use of selective atte ntion whereby the subject concentrates on a limited range of usually internal stimuli such as feelings and imagery and imagination here the subject is often instructed by the hypnotist to imagine a scene. The above section describes the psychological aspects of hypnosis, so what are the physical aspects? As mentioned above, the use of electroencephalogram’s (EEG) and neuroimaging with hypnotised subjects have been able to identify differences in brain functioning in hypnotised people. Askerinsky Kleitman (1953) were able to show that hypnotised subjects were not in fact asleep as some early theories had suggested. Different levels of consciousness produce different levels of electrical activity within the brain. Beta Waves occur at a rate of 15 to 40 cycles per second and are present when our minds are engaged and focussed, perhaps in conversation or learning a new task. Alpha waves occur at a rate of 9 to 14 cycles per second and are present when we are engaged in some relaxed, creative or problem solving task and are accompanied by feelings of well-being. You read "What Is Hypnosis" in category "Papers" Alpha waves are not present when we are experiencing anger fear, high arousal levels or when we are in deep sleep but are present during light trance/hypnotic state. During this state, relaxation of the body may occur; breathing and pulse rate slow and an individual may appear to be day-dreaming as they direct their attention towards their imagination. Theta Waves occur at a rate of 4 to 8 cycles per second and are associated with our subconscious mind where our past experiences and memories are held. Freud was the first theorist to propose the presence of the unconscious mind. This is the area of our minds which deals with non-voluntary bodily functions, thus freeing up the rest of our minds for things which we actively need to think about. Theta waves may be present when we are day dreaming, carrying out automatic well learned tasks such as driving and when we dream. They are associated with calmness and feelings of serenity and are present in medium and deep hypnotic states. During moderate and deep hypnotic states a person may lose awareness of their surroundings but gain an increased awareness of their internal functions (breathing/heart rate). Imagery becomes more intense and suggestions may be interpreted literally. Limbs may feel limp or stiff; attention narrows further and there may be loss of environmental awareness. Delta Waves occur at a rate of 1 to 4 cycles per second. These are the slowest waves which are present when are in our deepest state of rest when no other waves are present. When these waves are present we are in a state of sleep and possibly very deep hypnosis such as the Esdaile State used by the surgeon of the same name in order to anaesthetise patients for surgery. In addition other physical aspects of hypnosis include, feeling warm or cold and tingling of the extremities. Subjects often feel sleepy and close their eyes and there can be a reduction in response to noise. Some people experience feeling strange or detached and dissociated from their body or surroundings and feelings of floating are common. These feelings vary from person to person and are dependent upon an individuals’ psychological predisposition and responses as described above. No two people will have exactly the same response to hypnosis and each experience is subjective. As we go through the different levels of consciousness our brain wave activity changes in a smoothly organised manner. For example, when relaxing into sleep we go from Beta to Alpha, to Theta and finally Delta waves predominate. The reverse happens as we awake. The waves which predominate during hypnosis are Alpha and Theta and it is these waves which provide a route to our subconscious. Relaxation has an important role to play in Hypnotherapy. Jacobson (1929) was the first to note the helpfulness of consciously relaxing muscles to enable them to maintain a relaxed state and improve the health and wellbeing of his patients. Most hypnotic screeds include suggestions of relaxation which help the subject to physically relax to the degree that Alpha and Theta brain waves are produced. Suppressed memories may be brought to the surface when Theta waves are present and although this may be painful, it offers the client the opportunity to discuss and address any such issues with their hypnotherapist if they choose to do so. Such therapy can be helpful and aid healing if carried out with sensitivity. As a cautionary note, Mingay (1988) suggests that dissociated memories accessed under hypnosis may be at risk of contamination by fantasy or leading questions on the part of the hypnotherapist. Along with this deep, relaxation comes an increase in suggestibility, i. e. we tend to respond to suggestions made by the hypnotherapist more readily than we would generally. Heap (1996) argues that suggestion and trance are crucial to any definition of hypnosis. Whilst in a deeply relaxed hypnotic state, the Hypnotherapist is able to make suggestions which can help the subject to change their behaviours, feelings or thought patterns in a beneficial way. For example, if a client wishes to stop smoking, the hypnotherapist might suggest that they now choose to be a non-smoker. In fact, there are a number of ways in which a Hypnotherapist can utilise suggestion whilst a client is in a relaxed hypnotic state in order to produce beneficial effects. It can be used to produce anaesthesia in the body – the use of hypnosis for surgery has been mentioned above but there is ample evidence that hypnotic suggestion can influence physiological responses governed by the autonomic nervous system. Grabowska (1971) found that subjects were able to alter the blood flow in their forearms via hypnotic suggestion and Olness et el (1989) found that children were able to alter their concentrations of salivary immunoglobulin A. The use of Progressive Muscle Relaxation during hypnotic induction not only enables subjects to enter a hypnotic trance state and more readily accept beneficial suggestions but repeated use of PMR during Hypnotherapy can enable clients to be able to relax more readily in general and in situations where they may ordinarily become very stressed. Suggestions can be given which allow people to relax when needed as long as it is safe to do so and such techniques can be used to reduce general anxiety and stress, help improve sleep patterns and reduce phobic fear reactions to such things as public speaking and flying. In conclusion, hypnosis is not of itself a therapy. It is a state of mind which can be induced and its use in hypnotherapy can be described as a complex psychological interaction between the hypnotherapist and their client(s) during which the hypnotherapist uses the hypnotic screed, which often includes an element of PMR, to enable the client to relax encouraging the presence of Alpha and Theta brain waves and access to the subconscious. In this state, the clients’ concentration and responsiveness to suggestions made by the hypnotherapist increases, thereby enabling them to make desired, beneficial changes to their behaviours, feelings and thoughts and thus, enhancing their lives. References: Hadley, J. Staudacher, C. 1996, Hypnosis for Change; 3rd edn; Canada, New Harbinger publications Heap, M. , Dryden, W. , 1991, Hypnotherapy: A Handbook, OU Press How to cite What Is Hypnosis, Papers What is hypnosis Free Essays string(69) " not during times of fear, anger, in a deep sleep or highly aroused\." The earliest known description of hypnosis dates back more than 6000 years ago to rites performed in Egyptian sleep temples. The Indus Vedas knowledge sacred book written around 1500 BC, mentions the use of hypnotic techniques and procedures in detail yet in 2012 we still find it difficult to answer the question â€Å"what is hypnosis?†. ‘All sciences alike have descended from magic and superstition, but none have been so slow as hypnosis in shaking off the association of its origin’. We will write a custom essay sample on What is hypnosis? or any similar topic only for you Order Now (Clark Hull, Hypnosis and suggestibility, 1984). The grandfather of hypnosism is regarded to be Franz Anton Mesmer who achieved some very amazing cures. He was, however, prone to be a bit theatrical wearing long flowing robes and brandishing a wand to complete his wizard image. Treatments and cures were conducted in large arenas with many onlookers. The film Svengali, although pure fiction did a lot to discredit hypnosis for many years by portraying hypnotists as evil predators and also inspired the emerging stage hypnotists. Even today stage hypnotists continue to discredit hypnotism making it hard to be taken seriously as an emerging science. It is my view that the use of hypnotism for entertainment should be completely banned. Abuse allegations where hypnotism has been said to be a contributing factor still regularly appear in our newspapers fueling the public perception that the only safe hypnosis is that which is performed in a public arena in front of millions of people for entertainment. My introduction would not be complete without mentioning the impact of the church. As a practicing Christian I find it difficult to understand how people practicing the same faith as me could believe that hypnotism could be believed to be evil. What i find more astounding is the fact that some people, educated people still think that today. ‘Whilst hypnosis and its use in hypnotherapy seem merely to be the input by the hypnotist of ideas into the subconscious of a subject in a heightened state of suggestibility, I would contend that this art of psychic manipulation is in fact of demonic origin. Though these roots of hypnosis are now obscured by an undergrowth of scientific jargon, it remains a dangerous activity to anyone involved.’ (Dr A. D. Bambridge, Nucleus, 1987) There is no exact definition of what hypnosis is, mainly because no such definition can be agreed upon by all the experts. It has been described as ‘the deliberate inducement or facilitation by one person in another person or a number of people of a trance state. A trance state is one in which a person’s usual means of orientating himself in reality have faded, so that the boundaries between the external world and the inner world of thoughts, feelings, memories and imagination begin to dissolve.’ (Robin Waterfield, Hidden Depths, 2004). It has also been described as ‘a state of mental relaxation and restricted awareness in which the subjects are usually engrossed in their inner experiences such as feelings and imagery, are less analytical and logical in their thinking, and have an enhanced capacity to respond to suggestions in an automatic and dissociated manner.’ (Windy Dryden, Hypnotherapy, a handbook, 1991). The clearest description being ‘a state of mind brought about by the use of a set of techniques. It enhances an individual’s concentration and increases their responsiveness to suggestion in order to make the beneficial changes that the individual may wish to make in their thought patterns, their behaviour or their physiological state.’ (Chrysalis, 2010) ‘It is probably more useful to describe hypnosis than attempt to define it. Features of the hypnotic state include the following: Acceptance of imaginary phenomena in place of sensory experience, and detachment from the sensorium; Suspension of reality testing, suspension of everyday cognitive logic and secondary-process thinking; Narrowing of attention (a sort of mental tunnel vision) to the content of the focus of the hypnotic exercise: suggested by the therapist or created by the subject’s own imagination or memory; ‘splitting’ of consciousness into separate channels that communicate in only one direction (i.e. The subject’s normal consciousness, attitudes, reality testing and so on continue and are aware of the content of the hypnotised self, but the latter is unaware of the former); A rather regressed or developmentally immature frame of mind (closely akin to some transference phenomena in analysis or analytic therapy); Commitment to a substitute reality described by the therapist or the patient’s own imagination and memory.’ (Hellmut Karle and Jennifer Boys, Hypnotherapy a practical handbook, 1987) The mind still remains unmeasurable and unquantifiable and therefore a definition of any science or therapy based on the mind will always remain something open to debate and discussion. The fact that the hypnotic experience is personal and each individual will experience something different simply complicates things further. ‘There are a number of people, academics above all, who simply do not believe in the existence of mind. They think that this a naive belief held by the rest of us, and that the phenomena attributed to our minds are best explained otherwise.’ (Robin Waterfield, Hidden Depths, 2004). It seems the best that the experts can do is fairly agree as to the psychological and physiological phenomena experienced during hypnosis. Psychological phenomena often experienced during hypnosis could include hyper suggestibility (so important that it is often considered definitional of hypnosis), time distortion (when an hour may appear to pass in a minute), super learning and creativity, spontaneous age regression, hypermnesia and amnesia. (Robin Waterfield, Hidden Depths, 2004) Since the invention of the electroencephalogram in 1929 we have been able to measure the electrical activity of the brain. Scientists have determined that there are four main brain waves which vary in frequency. 1. Beta waves (15 to 40 cycles per second). These are typical of a focused and engaged mind. These are found in abundance in our modern, busy life style. 2. Alpha waves (9 to 14 cycles per second). These are typical of taking a rest after an activity. They are present during times of creativity and problem solving but not during times of fear, anger, in a deep sleep or highly aroused. You read "What is hypnosis?" in category "Papers" 3. Theta waves (4 to 8 cycles per second). These are present during sleeping and some meditative states.. These are associated with (amongst other things) medium to deep hypnosis. These waves are associated with our subconscious mind. You may be in the theta range when daydreaming or driving a car. It is where we engage with our intuition learning and creativity. It is where we have our best ideas. You may recall having moments such as these on a car journey or in the bath. 4. Delta waves (1 to 4 cycles per second). These waves are produced at our slowest, deepest state of rest. There are never any other waves active. They are present during the deepest hypnosis and sleepless sleep. You can never reach 0 cycles per second as that is brain dead. These waves will dip and flow and at any one moment one will be predominant and the others will just be present as a trace and moving from one to another depending on the state of the individual. From what we know about the frequencies we can see that hypnosis occurs during alpha and theta waves and that these waves are associated with relaxation which we will discuss later. Although philosophers and mystics may have been reflecting on a subconscious mind for centuries our understanding of it only dates back to the time of Sigmund Freud. We know that it is responsible for the non-voluntary bodily functions that keep our bodies working from one day to the next freeing our mind up to concentrate on the things of the day. Think about all those skills we learned within the first year or two of our lives – moving limbs, making a noise, swallowing food, standing, walking etc etc. Imagine for one moment that all those skills had to be thought about each and every time we wanted to use them. Our day would be completely filled with just those things. We learn those skills and then pass them to the subconscious mind to action them, leaving our conscious mind free to learn more and develop. So hypnosis is simply about assisting someone to reach the state where the predominant brain waves are the alpha and theta waves and so access their subconscious mind. As mentioned previously these waves are associated with relaxation which has, as our life styles have become more and more busy over time, become more and more difficult to achieve on ones own. Hypnosis and relaxation are not the same. Hypnosis uses relaxation techniques to relax the body and relaxation is an indication that a person has achieved a hypnotic state. The difference is that hypnosis aims to reach a special state of consciousness where selective attention and increased suggestibility are present. Hypnosis will then use this state to effect changes in a person through beneficial suggestions A brief look at the physiology of muscles shows us that muscle units work on an all or nothing principle, meaning they are either contracting or relaxed and there are no other states. The problem is that due to the constant stress that modern living brings with it some muscles, in particular the shoulders and neck, are constantly in contraction. In 1929 Dr Edmond Jacobson discovered that most of his patients, all with unrelated problems, had tense muscles and that by relaxing these muscles he could reduce the severity of their symptoms. He also noticed that most patients were not aware of the tension they carried with them. He developed a technique called Progressive Muscle Relaxation (or PMR) which enabled the patients to relax their muscles and keep them relaxed and thereby improve their physical, mental and emotional state. Hypnosis uses an updated form of PMR to achieve the same results. We know that relaxation does not mean laying on a bed and it does not mean being asleep. We will all have experienced times when we have driven somewhere and cannot remember getting there. We certainly would not say we were asleep. Long distance runners will also experience the same phenomena and often cannot remember huge amounts of the run. As a long distance runner myself I am aware of the importance of relaxing whilst running and can bring my pulse rate back to normal within a mile or two of the start of a run. I having been practicing PMR techniques for years whilst running without knowing that it existed In conclusion then it is still difficult to answer then question of what is hypnosis with a simple definition because in the past it has been so closely associated with theatrical entertainment or rejected by the church or wrapped in superstition, falsely portrayed as evil on film and used by some to abuse people that the scientific community never took it seriously as a science until recently. The fact that a number of academics deny the existence of the mind does not help matters either. We can begin to describe it in terms of the psychological and physiological phenomena experienced during hypnosis but not much more. We know that there is nothing mystical or magical about the hypnotic state. Put simply it is assisting someone to reach the state where the predominant brain waves are the alpha and theta waves and so access their subconscious mind where selective attention and increased suggestibility are present and then use this state to effect changes in the person through beneficial suggestions. We know that to achieve this state we can make use of PMR Albert Einstein said that we only use 10% of our brain. Maybe with hypnosis we are just beginning to push at a door that will lead us into the remaining 90%. History has given us glimpses of an amazing power that we don’t yet understand. People undergoing major surgery with anaesthesia, curing debilitating physical conditions, amazing accounts of healing. What is hypnosis today? What could hypnosis be tomorrow? How to cite What is hypnosis?, Papers

Analytical Skills Foundation

Question : Discuss about the Analytical Skill Foundation ? Answer : Introduction The given report indicates the importance of proper and effective presentation of charts and graphs for the respective organization. The first part of the report reflects the criteria for evaluation for presentation of respective charts and graphs. Several parameters have been evaluated based on which the graphs and tables will be analysed effectively. In addition to this, the organization Woolworths has been selected. The report will highlight and review the tabular and graphical representation of graphs and tables of the annual report published the organization Woolworths. Evaluation Criteria The criteria for evaluation of tables and graphs are done based on the needs of the given stakeholders. There are different types of parameters with the help of which all the given tables or charts can be evaluated in an effective manner. mbiguous/Unambiguous data- It is important for the organizations to present their data in an effective and clear manner so that their data is easy to interpret (McMurray and Powell 2016). Many times, it has been seen that if the financial data is not interpreted in an effective manner, then, the users of the respective financial statements, usually misinterpret the respective data. Effective Measurement of the Variables- The tables and graphs of the financial statements needs to have suitable variables. In addition to this, the variables are also required to be measured as per the accounting process followed by the organization in their respective financial reports (Bollobs 2013) Fonts and Presentation Style- The fonts and presentation style needs to be as per with the requirements of the stakeholders. Apart from this, it can be inferred that it should also be at par with the activities of the company. If, fonts and presentation style is not up to the mark, the stakeholders of the organization may not be relate the company with themselves. To the point- The graphical and tabular representation needs to be to the point, so that the real message can be understood by the users of the financial statements. Apart from this, it can be inferred that if the graphs and tables are complex in nature, then the entire interpretation will be wrong (Morell 2015) Relevance- The data presented needs to be relevant in nature. Different companies have different aims and objectives. Therefore, it is of great essence for the organization to attain their respective aims and objectives while presenting their tables and graphs in their respective annual reports. It is also important for the organization to implement all their respective units and variables in their charts and tables. Encoding of the Respective Data-It is of great essence for the firm to encode their data in an effective manner. The data must be encoded in such a manner that it meets the criteria for publishing the annual report of the respective organization. Proper Labelling of the Data- It can be inferred that all the tabular and graphical data needs to be labelled properly for the suitability of the stakeholders of the report. Concise Factors-It is of great essence for the organization to present all their given data in a concise manner. This will reduce complexity and also nullify the chances of the data being misinterpreted by the respective users. Accuracy by Geometrical Means- It is extremely important for the firm to maintain geometrical accuracy in the given data. This is mainly because, such kind of accuracy easily catches the eyes of the users of the financial statements. Scaling- It is important that different types of data must be used with the help of scaling. Without proper scaling of data, the entire data set will look useless. Colourful Presentation- The first thing that catches the eyes of any user of financial statement, is their respective colourful presentation. It can be inferred that if the presentation is extremely colourful, then, they will gather interest to go through the financial statements (Swedberg 2016) Customization according to Requirements- It is of great essence for the firm to customize their data in accordance to the requirements of the stakeholders. If the stakeholders are not satisfied with the report, then, the entire tabular and graphical presentation will be useless. Comparison of Contrast Data- It is of great essence for all the organization to compare and contrast previous years data with the present ones. Such kind of presentation also looks good in the eyes of all the users of the respective financial statements. Financial and Non-Financial Analysis Assistance- All the organizations need to present their graphical data so that it assists the external financial or business analysts. Not only this, this will also increase the value of the respective presentation largely. Act as a Data Interaction Platform for the users- The respective tabular and graphical presentation should act as a data interaction platform for all its users. This will further help the users to make adequate analysis based on their findings from the respective annual report of the organization (Liu and Treagust 2013) Forecasting- All the tabular and graphical data needs to forecast the future activities of the firm. In that case, it will be extremely easier for the users to interpret the respective financial and non-financial results. Verification of Geometry The graphical representations should have proper angles, scales and geometrical figures to enable the appropriateness of the financial data Assessment of Analytical Tools in Graphs The suitability will be enabled based on the amassed data that creates a proper replication of graphs, charts, pictures and stock chats for the notable trends Reference Usage The exact reference of graphs through interpretation of effective arrangement upholds the usefulness for the current as well as varied types of pictorial and graphical usage. Design The background of the pages in the published financial data holds importance based on the colour, attractiveness and the relevance of all the pictorial representations that portray the image of the lucidity of the format. Annual Report Analysis of Woolworths, Australia The annual report of Woolworths depicts sense of sophistication in its design. Although, it possesses a design that turns out to be different from other but creates a powerful impact on reading and retention making it two positives for the brand name (ArtVersion Creative Agency 2016). Moreover, the declaration of the pictures implies the scale of operations of the corporation. On the other hand, people are of the view that an annual report is a 12-24 pages booklet on a paper that is not attractive and reading. However, the same cannot be said for the Woolworths annual report because the background and the glossy contents of a contents attracts the stakeholders attention through art on the specific page. Figure 1: Woolworths Annual Reports Contents Page Source: (woolworthsholdings.co.za 2015) Conversely, a financial report also contains must haves of the companys story and learning experiences that predicts the coming year for the shareholders and employees. The graph below of sales on the foods section and clothing and general merchandise depicts the clarity and the changes in the two years while highlighting in bold the turnover of the last years. The same has been depicted by the graph and tables below. Figure 2: Woolworths Annual Reports Food and Clothing Depiction through Graphs Source: (woolworthsholdings.co.za 2015) The proper units of specifications also mentions the numerical representation of the data the company has been achieving in that year, in this case it is the annual report of 2015. The subtitle below the tables explains the sub diversions of the economic information in an effective way. Although, the colours of the table is greyer in texture but the bar graph in different textures of grey try to elaborate on the financial summary (Habib 2014). The picture on the opposite of the table represents the shares and percentage of shares that Woolworth had offered to the shareholders. Figure 3: Woolworths Annual Reports Shareholders Disclosure Pages Relevance Source: (woolworthsholdings.co.za 2015) The annual reports are storytelling device that are used for corporate communications which is only possible with proper reference, effective measurements, graphs and fonts that highlight the communication aimed for the interested parties. One such example can be the beginning page of investor report of Woolworths. Figure 4: Achievements Depiction of Woolworths in 2015 Figure 5: Usage of Bowl as a Significance of Approval for Reports Woolworths Figure 6: WHL group (Framework) of Woolworths in 2015 Figure 7: Geographical Footprint (Donut Chart) of Woolworths in 2015 Source: (woolworthsholdings.co.za 2015) In depiction of the figures above, the relevance of different charts elaborate on the forecasting, colour representation and customization of data using figures (Yigitbasioglu and Velcu 2012). Therefore bar charts with growing trend depicts the Woolworth condition in the market with growing trend. Conversely, the last year showed in different colour highlight the upward nature in the business. The figure 4 also highlights the use of small triangles as a basis of growing shares in the market. On the other hand, figure 5, depicts a bowl as a significance of asking permission for the reports to be depicted as the source of nature of the corporations obedient behaviour towards the government and the stakeholders. The figure 6, depicts the literature with bold black fonts in a box depicting its literature in the WHL group. The figure 7 also helps to depict that the company has established its operations through proper scaling and axis used in a form of world map and further depicting its relevance through donut charts (Falschlunger et al. 2014). Figure 8: Business Model (Planetary system) of Woolworths Source: (woolworthsholdings.co.za 2015) On the other hand, the figure 8 can be misleading as the planetary system does not helps in understanding the hierarchy level of the companys order of groups. Hence, the importance of nature cannot be gauged and all can be treated equally or with fluctuating significance. The dull colour in the background also does not seems to be appropriate. Figure 9: BCG model of Products in Woolworths Figure 10: Donut Diagrams of Colour Reference of Woolworths Figure 11: Depiction of Cards as a made of Awareness to Stakeholders in Woolworths Figure 12: Performance Chart of Woolworths Source: (woolworthsholdings.co.za 2015) The figure 9, 10, 11 and 12 are the modes of catching the eye of employees and stakeholders using modes like different products, scale chart, coloured WHL cards and donut charts of the survey conducted from the raw data of Woolworths customers. This can constitute to be a better way of forecasting to the point data and differentiating between the ambiguous data using encoding graphs for financial summary (Davison 2013). Conclusion To conclude, it can be said that the presentation of annual report based on different criterias can provide to be beneficial in attracting audience and stakeholders attention for the reading and retention. The different graphs and pictorial representation establish the analytical skills that can be used for further investigation. References ArtVersion Creative Agency. (2016).Annual Report Design. [online] Available at: https://www.artversion.com/graphic-design-services/print-design/annual-report-design/ [Accessed 8 Dec. 2016]. Bollobs, B., 2013. Modern graph theory (Vol. 184). Springer Science Business Media Davison, J., 2013. Visual perspectives.The Routledge Companion to Accounting Communication. Oxford: Routledge, pp.58-75. Falschlunger, L., Eisl, C., Losbichler, H. and Greil, A., 2014. Impression Managementan Empirical Investigation of The Use of Graphs in Annual Reports in Europe.Proceedings in Finance and Risk Perspectives 14, p.262. Habib, K.R., 2014.Designing Digital Art and Communication Tools Inspired by Traditional Craft(Doctoral dissertation). Liu, Y. and Treagust, D.F., 2013. Content Analysis of Diagrams in Secondary School Science Textbooks. InCritical Analysis of Science Textbooks(pp. 287-300). Springer Netherlands. Lpez-Ornelas, E. and Hernndez, S.H.S., 2016, July. Using Infographics to Represent Meaning on Social Media. InInternational Conference on Social Computing and Social Media(pp. 25-33). Springer International Publishing. McMurray, D. and Powell, T., 2016. 21. Tables, Charts, Graphs. Morell, T., 2015. International conference paper presentations: A multimodal analysis to determine effectiveness.English for Specific Purposes,37, pp.137-150. Roberts, K.L., Norman, R.R., Duke, N.K., Morsink, P., Martin, N.M. and Knight, J.A., 2013. Diagrams, timelines, and tablesoh, my! Fostering graphical literacy.The Reading Teacher,67(1), pp.12-24. Swedberg, R., 2016. Can You Visualize Theory? On the Use of Visual Thinking in Theory woolworthsholdings.co.za. (2015).2015 Annual Financial Statements. [online] Available at: https://www.woolworthsholdings.co.za/investor/annual_reports/ar2015/whl_2015_afs1.pdf [Accessed 8 Dec. 2016]. woolworthsholdings.co.za. (2015).2015 Integrated Report. [online] Available at: https://www.woolworthsholdings.co.za/investor/annual_reports/ar2015/whl_2015_integrated_report.pdf [Accessed 8 Dec. 2016]. Yigitbasioglu, O.M. and Velcu, O., 2012. A review of dashboards in performance management: Implications for design and research.International Journal of Accounting Information Systems,13(1), pp.41-59.

Leadership Assignment free essay sample

While education being my primary objective, my study/research would focus directly on learning form leadership, business management concepts and objectivity transform these learning into a beneficial contribution in my personal life as well as to my workplace, since it would be the start of professional success in my life I would prefer to focus on leadership subject which can help and improve my interpersonal skills in management and leadership style and management. Leadership and Business Management is a demanding field all over the world since almost every organization need services of leaders / mangers, finance professionals. I have been providing my professional services in sales department of a well know Telecommunication Company in Afghanistan for the last 7 years. During the period i have experience of working in sales and having a lot of challenging tasks and duties, currently i am working as Senior Corporate Sales Executive and I wish the leadership subject will fulfill my needs to be more successful in my career achievements in future. We will write a custom essay sample on Leadership Assignment or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Q # 2 – What are your expectations for the Leadership Class? There is a huge demand for great leaders and business management professionals in my country, as we have been outsourcing of leaders, business managers and finance professional for the last 10 years from other countries which has an inverse effect on our economy. The outsourced professional only work in the area of their responsibility without having a considerable effect on capacity building of man power in our country. My expectations form the leadership class would be punctuality and participating in most of the discussions and debates inside the class form the lecturers and as well as the classmates and myself, sharing of the necessary leadership styles, articles and topics form the lecturers side which we are really in need of such articles and topics that are acceptable in all over the world and adoptable in any sort of organizations, government entities and institutions. From obtaining leadership qualification i will contribute in adding one leader and business professional in the list of professional Afghan’s which is the primary demand of our country. On the other hand i am confident that i would be a good asset and an informational source to my organization and my country if I would really understand and get the required knowledge of leadership subject. Besides, i also plan to share my knowledge i gain form the leadership lectures inside the class with all related coworkers and class fellows for my career building and gaining their experiences form the field of leadership. Leadership Assignment free essay sample Martin Luther King Jr. was born in 1929 in Atlanta, Georgia. He was the son of a Baptist minister. He grew up in his father’s footsteps and got his bachelor of divinity in 1951 and his doctorate in 1955. Early in December, 1955, he became the leader of the first great Negro nonviolent demonstration of contemporary times in the United States. In 1957, he was elected president of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, an organization formed to provide new leadership for the now burgeoning civil rights movement.On August 28, 1963, he delivered â€Å"I have a dream†, his famous speech, in which he called for racial equality and an end to discrimination, to 250,000 people. Martin was awarded five honorary degrees; was named Man of the Year by Time magazine in 1963; and became not only the symbolic leader of American blacks but also a world figure. At the age of thirty-five, Martin Luther King, Jr. , was the youngest man to have received the Nobel Peace Prize. We will write a custom essay sample on Leadership Assignment or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The poverty he experienced while growing up taught him the value of money and to persevere. Walton always wanted to be in retail from his youth and he had a deep passion for it. When he returned from World War II, he started off with a Ben Franklin franchise. His strategy of buying in bulk and discounting proved to be a hit with the customers and it was then that he saw a future in discounting. Over time, he opened up several more Ben Franklin stores with his father and brother assistance. In 1962, he had the idea of opening igger stores, sticking to rural areas, keeping costs low and discounting heavily. He decided to set up his own Wal-mart store; the first one in Arkansas. With his Wal-mart, he began to use the discounting strategy that he had begun to adopt in the Ben Franklin stores. It proved to be wildly successful and he saw that discounting was the future of retail. Today, Wal-Mart is the worlds no. 1 retailer, with more than 4,150 stores, including discount stores, combination discount and grocery stores, and membership-only warehouse stores (Sams Club). He modestly blended in with the whole team, erased the gap between executive and employees, and dared to make his own path of success. If it was not for these great characteristics and tactics, there wouldn’t be a Sam Walton who has the ability to change the philosophy of the American retail business establishment. : Martin Luther King Jr and Sam Walton are both respectful and brilliant leaders who drove the world and changed it into a better place. To be an effective leader requires lots of efforts, wonderful characteristics, extremely clever minds, flawless sets of tactics and skills, and so on. As for Martin and Sam, one put an end to discrimination and dedicated to the success of civil rights of a generation, one fulfilled the American dream and paved the way for a new breed of category killer retailers; they demonstrated the model of great leaders and taught us priceless leadership lessons. They deserve to be honored and respected by mankind of all time.

Ionic Radius Definition and Trend

Ionic Radius Definition and Trend The ionic radius (plural: ionic radii) is the measure of an atoms ion in a crystal lattice. It is half the distance between two ions that are barely touching each other. Since the boundary of the electron shell of an atom is somewhat fuzzy, the ions are often treated as though they were solid spheres fixed in a lattice. The ionic radius may be larger or smaller than the atomic radius (radius of a neutral atom of an element), depending on the electric charge of the ion. Cations are typically smaller than neutral atoms because an electron is removed and the remaining electrons are more tightly drawn in toward the nucleus. An anion has an additional electron, which increases the size of the electron cloud and may make the ionic radius larger than the atomic radius. Values for ionic radius are difficult to obtain and tend to depend on the method used to measure the size of the ion. A typical value for an ionic radius would be from 30 picometers (pm, and equivalent to 0.3 Angstroms Å) to 200 pm (2 Å). Ionic radius may be measured ​using x-ray crystallography or similar techniques. Ionic Radius Trend in the Periodic Table Ionic radius and atomic radius follow the same trends in the periodic table: As you move from top to bottom down an element group (column) ionic radius increases. This is because a new electron shell is added as you move down the periodic table. This increases the overall size of the atom.As you move from left to right across an element period (row) the ionic radius decreases. Even though the size of the atomic nucleus increases with larger atomic numbers moving across a period, the ionic and atomic radius decreases. This is because the effective positive force of the nucleus also increases, drawing in the electrons more tightly. The trend is particularly obvious with the metals, which form cations. These atoms lose their outermost electron, sometimes resulting in the loss of an entire electron shell. The ionic radius of transition metals in a period does not, however, change very much from one atom to the next near the beginning of a series. Variations in Ionic Radius Neither the atomic radius nor the ionic radius of an atom is a fixed value. The configuration or stacking of atoms and ions affects the distance between their nuclei. The electron shells of atoms can overlap each other and do so by different distances, depending on the circumstances. The just barely touching atomic radius is sometimes called the van der Waals radius since the weak attraction from van der Waals forces governs the distance between the atoms. This is the type of radius commonly reported for noble gas atoms. When metals are covalently bonded to each other in a lattice, the atomic radius may be called the covalent radius or the metallic radius. The distance between nonmetallic elements may also be termed the covalent radius. When you read a chart of ionic radius or atomic radius values, youre most likely seeing a mixture of metallic radii, covalent radii, and van der Waals radii. For the most part, the tiny differences in the measured values shouldnt be a concern. Whats important is understanding the difference between atomic and ionic radius, the trends in the periodic table, and the reason for the trends.

Biology Science Fair Project Ideas

Biology Science Fair Project Ideas Science fair projects give you the opportunity to experience science and biology through hands-on activities. In order to ensure that you have a great biology project, it is important that you first understand biology and the scientific method. Simply put, biology is the study of life. Life is all around us which means that there are enormous possibilities when considering a biology science project. We use the scientific method as a means of studying science and biology. Scientific inquiry starts with an observation followed by the formulation of a question about what has been observed. Then comes designing a scientific experiment to answer the question posed. How to Find Science Project Ideas JGI / Jamie Grill / Getty Images So where do you get ideas for biology science fair projects? The answer is from almost anywhere. The key is to start with a question that you would like to find an answer to and use the scientific method  to help you answer it. When choosing a science fair project topic, make sure that you select a topic that you are interested in. Then narrow this topic down to a specific question. Below you will find science fair project ideas primarily related to biology. Remember that these samples are meant to give direction and ideas. It is important that you do the work yourself and not just copy the material. Also, be sure that you know all of the rules and regulations for your particular science fair before you begin your project. Plant Project Ideas Some soil bacteria stimulate brain neuron growth and increase learning capacity. JW LTD/Taxi/Getty Images Plants are important to life as we know it. They provide everything from food, clothing, and shelter to medicine and fuel. Plant projects are popular because plants are abundant, inexpensive, and relatively easy to study during experimentation. These experiments allow you to learn about plant processes and environmental factors that impact plant life. Plant-based science projects: Find more than 20 ideas for science fair projects involving plants.Soil chemistry: Learn about soil chemistry with these example projects about plant science and the chemical composition of soil.Popcorn studies: Enjoy these fun, easy, and interesting experiments with popcorn. Human Body Project Ideas Illustration of the arterial system in the human body, shown in a standing figure. Note the feathery network of blood vessels in the left and right lungs (next to the heart). Arteries are the blood vessels that carry oxygen-rich blood to the bodys tissues. JOHN BAVOSI/Science Photo Library/Getty Images If you have ever wondered how the body works or about all the biological processes that keep the body functioning, then you should consider a science project on the human body. These projects allow you to gain a better knowledge of how the body functions and also provide insight into human behavior. Human body projects: If your interest is in biological processes and human behavior, this resource has several ideas for projects on the human body, including the study of the effects of music, temperature, and video games on mood.Kids neuroscience experiments: This is a nice collection of experiments relating to neuroscience. It includes projects dealing with reflexes, the nervous system, biological rhythms, and more.Human hair projects: Find several ideas for doing projects about hair. Topics include hair growth rates and hair loss management. Animal Project Ideas Fernando Trabanco Fotografà ­a/Moment/Getty Image Animal science projects allow us to understand various aspects of animal life. They provide information about animal anatomy, behavior, and even provide insight into human biological processes. Before deciding to do an animal project, be sure that you get permission and avoid animal cruelty. Some science fairs do not allow animal experiments, while others have strict regulations for animal usage. Animal projects: Find great ideas for projects involving insects, birds, amphibians, fish, and mammals. Discover how light, pollution, and magnetic fields affect animals. Researching Your Science Project Ideas Catherine Ledner / The Image Bank/ Getty Images After you have come up with an idea and topic for your science project, you must research your topic. Research involves finding out everything you can about the scientific principles involved with your project idea. There are several resources available for researching your science fair project. Some of these include your local library, science books and magazines, internet science news sources, and teachers or educators. The most helpful thing that you can do when researching for your project is to take excellent notes. Record references for the books and other materials you have used in your research.Take notes on simple experiments on which to base your experiment.  Keep notes on diagrams used in similar experiments.  Record observations from other experiments.Keep notes on samples of logs and other means for collecting data.  Make lists of materials that you might want to order and their suppliers. It is important that keep track of all the resources used in your research as these source materials will be required for listing in the bibliography for your science fair project report.

International HRM Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 3

International HRM - Essay Example ation, changed organisational structure and employee satisfaction’s issues, consumer behaviour shift, changed societal mind set, employee related government laws, changing norms, fluctuating market trends and variable economic conditions. Analysis of expatriation related practices by HRM department of UNILEVER.LTD is included along with the measures that have been taken to confront them. Recommendations with respect to changing techniques and methodologies have also been made. Human resource management is of great importance for any organisation. Effective HRM helps the organisation to efficiently utilise its work force in order to meet its strategic targets and goals. This exercise comprises of procedures, methodologies, constraints and benefits. At the urge of 21st century, the world has taken the shape of a global village due to advance communication and information technology. Increasing population with limiting resources has made it hard for people to survive. Descending employment and increasing inflation in many countries, especially the third world countries have driven their skilled labour & professional workforce to expatriate for the economic benefit. With the emergence of globalisation, business environment has also globalised. International trade flows, formation of global economic forums, changes in organisational structure and expansion of companies into MNCs have resulted in availability of labour market and staffing requirements which has increased opportunities for skilled work force and business professionals (Edward & Rees, 2006). This cross border demand-driven employment opportunities is resulting in paradigm shift of many countries, like Hong Kong and Singapore, towards service oriented economies. On one hand, expatriation and immigration has brought in many benefits for business and corporate community like economic opportunities, exploration of new markets worldwide and development of multi-cultural work force but on the other hand, it

BUSINESS LAW Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

BUSINESS LAW - Essay Example In these reports, they show their financial, social and environmental investment to mitigate the losses and harms caused by their corporate activities. These few pages provides a way to these companies to marketize their public image, avoid regulation, access to markets and gaining legitimacy for their corporate objectives. In this paper, corporate social responsibility is defined with emphasis on innovation, and subsequently companies publishing CSR are critically analyzed and discussed in a way to reach at a reasonable conclusion. Corporate Social Responsibility Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is a concept whereby companies integrate environmental and social concerns in their business operations and in their interaction with their stakeholders on a voluntary basis (European Commission). Additionally, CSR has various definitions (Margolis and Walsh, 2003). Also, Wood (1991) provides that CSR is also called as corporate social performance, sustainable responsible business (SRB) , corporate responsibility, corporate citizenship or responsible business. ... The definition of CSR describes a wide range of stakeholders. Interestingly, each stakeholder does not have the same kind of interests in a company rather different. And these interests vary, as the currency of environmental and social issues revolves over a period of time ((Clarkson, 1995; Davis, 1973; Moskowitz, 1975; Wartick &Cochran, 1985). In the CSR reports, the companies incorporate their current corporate activities that harm environment and society. Besides, such reports contain the positive and negative effects of commercial activities. And, in such reports, the companies mention their current level of financial and non-financial investment in order to minimize the impacts of their commercial activities. As employees, suppliers, creditors, customers, social and environmental groups, governments, local communities can be stakeholders; the companies prepare their CSR reports with regard to the concerns of the related stakeholders. As a result, mostly they are identified as th e stakeholders. However, some companies have been publishing CSR for many years. And, their websites are filled with the material showing their policy to tackle the environmental and social concerns. For example, on the Seventh Generation website, it is mentioned they have been environmentally and socially playing their role and working with innovations to live better life. Environmentally, the company provides its Greenhouse Gas Accounting, carbon footprint reports and their strategies to minimize them. Socially, the website maintains that it has Seventh Generation supports the Ovarian Cancer Research Fund (OCRF) (7genreport, web). Additionally, Wal-Mart also publishes its sustainability reporting with

Logon Identification and Password System Essay Example for Free

Logon Identification and Password System Essay This is with reference to the management’s approval to upgrade our Information Technology (IT) system or the structure of our computer processor in order to expedite the hospital’s operational processing. As the Information System Director of this hospital, I highly recommend the introduction and/or implementation of a Logon Identification and Password System or what we may technically refer to as the LIPS. The LIPS, which will be applied and carried out in our central processing unit, will require that once a user enters into the system, the computer unit prompts or requires for a user’s name and password. The said details should have been previously registered in the system so that it will be recognized because if not, the user will be unable to use any computer unit of the hospital such as our desktop computers and laptops or notebooks. Once this recommendation is considered, the system will work in such a way that it will speed up the computer processing which concerns all the possible information of each patient particularly his or her medical records in the hospital. Additionally, the LIPS aims to lessen the workload of concerned hospital personnel because the processor or mainframe will simplify the works which need to be done such as the computer processing of patients’ admission, laboratory results, billings and other related matters. Most importantly, the rationale behind this LIPS recommendation is the hospital’s objective to adapt and keep abreast with the technological demands and necessities of today’s modern setting. In doing so, we will be able to provide our public with an exceptional hospital service. For your information and approval.

Expansion of western europe Essay -- essays research papers

The expansion of Western Europe started with the Iberian phase. Spain and Portugal, the two countries of the Iberian Peninsula, had a short-lived yet important role in European expansion. European expansion then turned to Western Europe. Western Europe consists of the Dutch, French, and British. While Western Europe was exploring new worlds overseas, the Russians were expanding westward across all of Eurasia.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Religion played a major role in expansion for both the Portuguese and the Spanish due to their extensive anti-Muslim crusade. Due to the over zealous religious fervor of the Christian Iberians, Christianity and thus the Iberians expanded into parts of western Europe during the crusades as Christians tried to convert the Muslims who were occupying this area. The Iberians did not stop with the European mainland; they were also expanding overseas. They were interested in the fertile land of the Canary Islands, Madeira, Azores and Cape Verde. These islands would also prove to be strategic acquisitions for the Iberians, as they would eventually provide the Iberians with bases and ports to be used for commerce. Throughout the 15th century the Spanish and Portuguese had been exploring lands throughout the Atlantic which drove Queen Isabella of Spain to commission Christopher Columbus in 1492 to â€Å"Discover and acquire islands and mainland in the ocean sea† (p.3 40) which eventually led to the discovery of North America.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the mid 1400’s Spain and Portugal began to take separate routes of discovery. Prince Henry of Portugal, in reaction to the shortage of bullion in Western Europe, was interested in sending his captains to the African coast in search of gold. As a result, many Portuguese ports were established along the African coast and â€Å"The Portuguese were able to exploit at least a part of the African caravan trade they had sought.† (p.340) While Portugal was focused on expansion along the African coast; the Spanish were the first to discover the â€Å"new world† despite the lack of geographical knowledge the Spaniards and Columbus in particular possessed. This â€Å"new world† wasn’t quite what Columbus had though it was, however; as Columbus maintained to his death that he had reached Asia. He hadn’t, â€Å"He had landed at one of the Bahaman Islands, San Salvador.† (p. 342) Columbus’ distorted reality proved to... ...d 18th centuries ended in an overwhelming British triumph.† (p.364). Britain now had complete control of the New England colonies of North America.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  While the western Europeans were busy expanding all over the globe the Russian focused on expansion into Asia. â€Å"The gathering of the Russian lands† (p373) occurred during the reign of Ivan the Terrible in the 16th century. All of Russia was now united under Moscow. The Russians eventually crossed the Ural Mountains and gained control of all of Siberia. The Russians then moved southward into the Amur valley where they â€Å"More than met their match† (p.375) the Chinese empire. The age of Russian expansion ended with the signing of the Nerchinsk treaty, which remained in effect for over 170 years.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Due to the explorations of the Iberians, Dutch, English, French and Russians, lands were discovered that encompass a large portion of the world as we know it today. Due to many advances in maritime technology, geography and military powers, these groups were able to conquer much of the world in a relatively short amount of time.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  

Halliburton Essay

One of the most important functions for any organization to succeed in any particular direction is planning. Planning is an activity that enables companies and their employees to understand the company’s purpose and its strategic direction so that they can align themselves to it. This paper will discuss the importance of planning at Halliburton Company and analyze the extent to which it impacts the legal, ethical and CSR issues in the organization. Furthermore, it will discuss three factors that have an influence on the company’s strategic, tactical, operational and contingency planning. Halliburton Company was established in 1919 in Houston, Texas with a second headquarter in Dubai, UAE. Currently employing over 50,000 people, it is a huge multinational and global leader in the energy services sector operating in more than 70 countries. Using its technological edge in its operations and assistance from its world-class human resource, Halliburton has demonstrated outstanding growth and development in the energy sector over the past several decades. Its focus on innovation dates back to its early years when its founder, Erle P. Halliburton initiated his oil well cementing business by building a wooden mixing box only by hiring a wagon, a team of mules and a pump in Oklahoma. Careful planning and effective strategies have enabled Halliburton to remain as the market leader in the energy sector for almost a century now. Its planning strategies are comprehensive, focused on global changes and follow the â€Å"Think globally, act locally† theme. Halliburton management realizes the fact that for global survival it is essential to adopt different methodologies in different countries. For this purpose, it operates from 2 headquarters – Texas, the oil hub of the West and Dubai, the trading hub of Asia and Europe. â€Å"The number one priority of Halliburton is to provide competitive, safe and superior quality products and services†. Halliburton management maintains that in order to ensure business continuity they must explore the unexplored parts of the world for newer energy reserves bringing in environmental concerns. Thus, there are several instances when Corporate Social Responsibility and other issues have an impact on the planning of Halliburton and its strategy planning. There are often differences in the legal framework of different countries, for example, the British and American laws pertaining to environmental exploration have different clauses. This results in differences in the local planning of future steps to be taken by Halliburton in maintaining its market position and extending its operations. Ethics also play a key role in shaping up its policies and plans for the future. Environmental concerns, consideration for animal and plant wildlife are some of the factors the Halliburton management takes into account when planning its activities. For example, if oil exploration in the Sahara will result in extinction of the sub-Saharan tigers living in the region, the company will develop an alternative plan. Global companies as large as Halliburton have to manage their activities and operations collaboratively; sometimes the ethical and legal frameworks of adjacent countries can render certain actions legal in one nation and illegal in another nation. Thus corporate planning is a very extensive process at Halliburton which involves considerable amount of consideration given to regional subsidies of the company. Though corporate social responsibility and legal issues dominate the effect on the planning activities of Halliburton, ethical considerations also sometimes require plans to be modified. For example, Halliburton’s operations in Saudi Arabia have to be controlled differently than its operations in the US. The ethics standards and beliefs in the two countries are different and regulate different practices. For instance, daytime operations during the fasting season where the temperature is very high is not restricted by law. Even the workers may be willing to work, but ethics and moral standards suggest that Halliburton operations should be continued at night during those days. There are several factors which affect the course of action of companies. Often we see changes in the stock market leading to important strategic planning changes in companies. However, most of these are short-term plans and do not affect the vision of the company by a significant degree. Some of the most important factors which have a contribution towards the company’s strategic, tactical, operational, and contingency planning are as follows: Potential Energy Reserves: Halliburton thrives on its energy reserves and constant exploration of newer energy sites. Its strategic and international planning is based upon the potential energy reserves of a region. A region where there are high energy reserves would naturally be an area for long-term planning for Halliburton management while a exit strategy may be prepared for a dried up site in Japan. Its strategy is the key to business continuity and profits and thus takes into account the future business that can be generated from a particular region. Taxation and Corporate Laws: The reason why Nevada is the registered as the corporate head office of thousands of companies is because of its tax-friendly laws. Halliburton’s expansion and acquisition strategies are dependent on the corporate taxation and regulations that are enforceable in a particular state or country. These laws influence to a great degree the company’s operational and contingency panning as well. Avoiding over-taxation requires careful hindsight in operational and acquisition activities. Companies like Halliburton need to have effective planning strategies in order to save huge amounts in taxation and legal fees. Culture: The culture of Texas may be very oil-friendly however, that may not be the case in Brazil. The differences in culture, customs and therefore the code of ethics is important for Halliburton to realize and respect. Companies not caring about these factors often face problems in the long-term. Nike could not stop the sweatshop crisis news from coming into the media which caused hundreds of thousands of dollars loss to the company and several protests were lodged against the company till it finally winded up its operations. Halliburton’s planning should take into account the resident cultural practices and base its plan according to them – violation of local culture is often taken very strongly by the people and is revoked at some point or the other.

Transportations Effect on Social and Economic Change in America Between 1820 and 1860

In what ways did developments in transportation bring about economic and social change in the United States in the period 1820 to 1860?Between the 1820s and the 1860s, advances were being made in leaps and bounds, especially in transportation. From the invention of the cotton gin to interchangeable parts, mechanical advancements began to take effect. However, Americans were still walking on unprepared ground and taking longer to reach from point A to point B. Because of this boom in technology, in order to get material from one place to another, transportation innovations needed to take place. Thus sprang canals and steamboats to navigate these canals in a timely manner.Roads were created to make travel on horseback or horse-drawn chariots much faster and smoother. Railroads and the train were used to make interstate travel fast and efficient. However, these innovations in transportation did not just affect how fast an American got from point A to point B. Transportation developments also affected our country in other ways, such as economically and socially.Innovations in transportation such as canals, railroads and roads, had a major effect on United States. The Philadelphia Lancaster Turnpike was the first important road in America. It connected Philadelphia with rich farm lands in Lancaster. Because of the success of the turnpike, other states were more inclined to do the same. Cumberland Road was built which connected Maryland to Illinois. Canals impacted the US as well. In 1825 the Eerie Canal was opened starting in Albany by the Hudson River to Buffalo (Great Lakes). This enthused economic growth.Tolls were placed along the length of these turnpikes and canals in order to repay construction costs. Railroads changed small rural towns to commercial metropolises. Railroads began developing in the 1830s and it connected water routes when it was first created. By the 1860s there was approximately 30,000 miles of track. Capital to finance railroads came from pr ivate investors, abroad, and local governments. Fed government gave public land grants to railroads. These transportation developments have great economic and social change in the United States.When it comes to the economic aspect of the country due to the innovations in transportation, we really see a tremendous amount of growth in the North.  Due to many Englishmen who brought their blueprints and ideas along with themselves and who settled mostly in the North, manufacturing and industry began to spread throughout the Union. North and South began to cooperate more in industry, the South providing â€Å"King Cotton† and the North turning that cotton into textiles, the first industry in America.Because westward expansion was now beginning, the problem on conveyance of goods from East to West and vice versa was presented. Therefore, canals, railroads and roads were necessary, the most effective of the three being canals; railroads were used carriage of large amounts of goods , which is still the case today. The ability to get goods from one location to another in a matter of days rather than weeks increased supply and capital.There were also social changes that took place due to transportation. Exploration was easier and the grip of the government was more extensive. Also, because of the economic changes, changes in the social ladder also took place. In the North, the wealthy upper class owned the factories while the lower class worked â€Å"on the floor†. Because of this, the middle class began to shrink until there was a very few amount of Americans that could claim to be middle class. In the South, the same could be true, in a different sense though. Rather than the wealthy owning factories, they owned land, where they grew their precious cotton. The lower class either worked as servants or in the fields, however, the latter was uncommon due to slavery.Due to the advances in transportation, these changes took place. Whether they were for good or bad is up to us to decide. In my opinion, the economic changes were beneficial to America as a whole. Goods were transported quickly and effectively which increased the total revenue for the nation as a whole and more money means funding for other projects that will eventually benefit the country even more. However, the social changes really affected the country in a negative way. Because of the division of classes, people were treated inferior to others and from there sprang grudges and disputes. Slaves were treated as animals and this lead to the Civil War. Sadly, many of those feelings have continued down to this day. Nevertheless, between 1820 and 1860 transportation shifted the infrastructure and economy of the  USA.

Stigma, Stigmas, and Stigmata

Stigma, Stigmas, and Stigmata Stigma, Stigmas, and Stigmata Stigma, Stigmas, and Stigmata By Maeve Maddox Another term associated with religious practice, but often used in other contexts, is stigma. The word has two plural forms: stigmas and stigmata. Stigma derives from Greek and Latin words for the type of mark made by burning, like the brand placed on a slave, or by cutting. The word’s figurative meaning is â€Å"mark of censure or infamy.† The plural stigmata appears in a line at the end of Saint Pauls Letter to the Galatians. Paul says he â€Å"bears Christ’s stigmata in his body† (stigmata Domini Iesu in corpore meo porto). Paul is playing on different meanings of the word stigma. On the one hand, he is contrasting the marks and scars he has received by preaching Christianity as the valid equivalent of the mark/stigma of circumcision, which some Jewish Christians of his time insisted should be required of converted Gentiles. He is also using the word in the sense of the identifying mark of a slave, implying that he belongs to Christ, as a slave belongs to his master. In modern religious usage, the Latin plural stigmata refers specifically to marks on the body that mimic the five wounds of Christ: nail holes in the hands/wrists and feet, and a wound in the side. Some reported stigmata include pain and marks around the head (from the crown of thorns) and on the back (from scourging). The first documented stigmatic (person who exhibits Christ’s stigmata) was Francis of Assisi: The  saints  right side is described as bearing on open wound which looked as if made by a lance, while through his hands and feet were black nails of flesh, the points of which were bent backward.- New Advent Catholic Encyclopedia.   A stigmatic who lived in the twentieth century and was studied by contemporary physicians was Pio of Pietrelcina (1887-1968). The figurative use of stigma is popular in the media to refer to the disapprobation displayed toward certain members of society or to characteristics felt to be socially disreputable. Used in this sense, the usual plural is stigmas. Here are some examples of this use of stigma: Now, in the 21st century, we still have a situation where the words â€Å"mental illness† have negative connotations, leading to stigma surrounding anyone diagnosed with mental illness. In 1936, a bill was passed that made Texas the first state in the southwest to legally remove the  stigma of illegitimacy  from birth records. It is important to understand stigma in India, given its varied culture and mixture of rural and urban populations. The verb is to stigmatize: Afflicted individuals and racial or national groups  have been stigmatized  because of perceptions about highly contagious, difficult-to-cure diseases. [This book] is a great overview of how romance novels (and their readers)  have been stigmatized  for centuries. How Singles Are Stereotyped,  Stigmatized, and Ignored An error in the use of stigma is the redundancy of following it with the word mark: There is a stigma mark attached to being Aboriginal. I would think that if anyone needs a stigma mark, it is them. Note: The noun stigma has other meanings in scientific contexts. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Dialogue Dos and Don'ts45 Synonyms for â€Å"Old† and â€Å"Old-Fashioned†The 7 Types of Possessive Case

Should You Go to a Public Ivy 5 Factors to Consider

Should You Go to a Public Ivy 5 Factors to Consider SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Most people have heard of the illustrious eight private schools that make up the Ivy League. But what about high-quality public universities, or "Public Ivy League" schools? Are there any public schools out there that can match the caliber of top private schools? Find out what the Public Ivies are and why you should consider applying to them. Feature image credit: jojolae/Flickr What Is a Public Ivy School? Richard Moll’s 1985 book The Public Ivys: A Guide to America’s Best Public Undergraduate Colleges and Universities lists15 public universities Moll considered equivalent to Ivy League schools based on the following four criteria: Admissions selectivity Undergraduate program quality and the importance of liberal arts The amount of resources available to spend on students, facilities, world-class faculty, and research Image and prestige As a result, the term "Public Ivy" has become a shorthand for especially prestigious public universities and colleges in the US. What Are the Public Ivies? Moll's original list of Public Ivy League schools consisted of the following 15 schools (listed below in alphabetical order): College of William and Mary(Williamsburg, VA) Miami University(Oxford, OH) University of California system: UC Berkeley UC Davis UC Irvine UCLA UC Riverside UC San Diego UC Santa Barbara UC Santa Cruz University of Michigan (Ann Arbor) University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University of Texas at Austin University of Vermont (Burlington) University of Virginia (Charlottesville) Moll also identified nine "worthy runners-up," or public colleges and universities that were very high quality but fell just short of Public Ivy status. These were as follows: Binghamton University(New York;also known as SUNY Binghamton) Georgia Institute of Technology(Atlanta) New College of Florida (Sarasota; originally New College of the University of South Florida) Pennsylvania State University(University Park) University of Colorado Boulder University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign University of Pittsburgh(Pennsylvania) University of Washington (Seattle) University of Wisconsin–Madison The College of William and Mary is one of the 15 original Public Ivy schools.(benuski/Flickr) Public Ivy Rankings There are more lists of Public Ivy League schools out there besides just the original list created by Moll in 1985, including several lists from Howard and Matthew Greene's The Public Ivies (2001). We've gone through all these lists and gathered the most up-to-date information about the selectivity, academic quality, resources, and prestige of all public universities in America today. Based on our research, we’ve created a table of what we consider to be the top 26 Public Ivy League schools in the country.The schools have been divided into different tiers (Tier I = blue, Tier II = green,Tier III = yellow) based on selectivity and reputation for academic excellence. School State In-State Tuition Out-of-State Tuition Size Acceptance Rate 1 UCLA CA $13,774 $42,766 31,002 16% 2 UC Berkeley CA $14,184 $43,176 30,574 17% 3 UNC Chapel Hill NC $9,046 $36,225 18,862 24% 4 University of Virginia VA $17,564 $48,465 16,655 27% 5 University of Michigan MI $15,262 $49,350 29,821 27% 6 UC Santa Barbara CA $14,424 $43,416 22,186 33% 7 Georgia Tech GA $12,424 $33,020 15,573 23% 8 UC Irvine CA $15,614 $44,606 29,307 37% 9 University of Florida FL $6,381 $28,658 35,247 42% 10 William and Mary VA $23,400 $44,701 6,285 36% 11 UC Davis CA $14,463 $43,458 30,145 44% 12 UC San Diego CA $14,199 $43,191 28,587 34% 13 UT Austin TX $10,610 $37,580 40,492 36% 14 University of Georgia GA $11,830 $30,404 28,848 54% 15 University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign IL $15,094 $31,214 33,955 62% 16 UW–Madison WI $10,555 $36,805 32,196 54% 17 Ohio State OH $10,726 $30,742 45,946 48% 18 University of Washington WA $11,517 $36,898 31,331 46% 19 Penn State PA $18,454 $34,858 40,835 50% 20 Purdue IN $9,992 $28,794 31,006 57% 21 Rutgers–New Brunswick NJ $14,974 $31,282 35,641 58% 22 University of Maryland MD $10,595 $35,216 29,868 44% 23 University of Connecticut CT $15,730 $38,098 19,241 48% 24 Clemson SC $14,970 $36,724 19,402 47% 25 Florida State FL $6,516 $21,683 33,008 49% 26 University of Minnesota Twin Cities MN $14,693 $30,371 35,433 50% The Public Ivy League: Awards Circle Though all the schools on our list of Public Ivy League schools provide great options to students for inexpensive and high-quality education, we wanted to highlight the stand-outs when it came to cost, size, and selectivity. #1: Most Selective UCLA (16% admissions rate) UC Berkeley (17% admissions rate) These two highly competitive schools in the University of California system are not only extremely selective, but also academically rigorous and prestigious universities. #2: Least Selective University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (62% admissions rate) UIUC is a great choice if you're looking to attend a top Public Ivy but might not have the GPA and test scores to get you into the most competitive schools. #3: Cheapest for In-State Students University of Florida ($6,381/year) Florida State University ($6,516/year) If you live in Florida and are looking to stay in-state for school, it's hard to do much better than the University of Florida or Florida State.Both schools'four-year tuition costsare barely half of what you'd pay for one year at an Ivy League or comparable private school. Also, sun. Sun is nice (says the woman who chose to go to school in New England). (Boston Public Library/Flickr) #4: Cheapest for Out-of-State Students Florida State University ($21,683/year) If you want to attend a Public Ivy school but your state schools don't make the cut, thenFlorida State is a great option for you. You'll get the public school cost with the Public Ivy standards of academic rigor, resources, and name recognition. #5: Smallest Undergraduate Population College of William and Mary (6,285 undergraduates) If you're looking for a medium or even a smaller Public Ivy school experience, then William and Mary is the best bet for you, particularly if you apply to the honors program. While larger than most of the top liberal arts colleges, William and Mary is still comparable in size to smaller Ivy League schools such as Columbia and Brown. #6: Largest Undergraduate Population Ohio State University (45,946 undergraduates) If you want the big school, lose-yourself-in-a-crowd feel while still getting a good education, then OSU in Columbus is a great pick for you. Should You Apply to Public Ivy League Schools? So why attend a Public Ivy League school over an equally or more prestigious private school? In this section, I’ll go overthe five most crucial factors of cost, selectivity, size, academics, and athletics. Cost Because they’re public universities, Public Ivy schools are significantly more cost-effective for in-state students than either Ivy League or other top-tier private schools. In fact, the average cost for the 26 schoolslisted abovecame in atabout$13,500/year for in-state students- that'sdefinitely lower tuition than for any academically comparable private schools, which are closer to $45,000/year. For out-of-state students, however, tuition at the Public Ivies can get pricey, especially for the best schools. The price range for the top seven Public Ivies goes all the way from the still-low cost of$33,020/year at Georgia Tech to the muchhigher cost of$49,350/year at the University of Michigan, which is basically the same price as a top private college. So while public Ivy schools can still be cheaper than equivalent private schools if you live out-of-state, they are definitely more cost-effective if you live in the same state. Selectivity There is a wide range of selectivity among schools in the public Ivy League, from the most competitive schools like UCLA and UC Berkeley to the relatively less selective schools like the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign and Rutgers University. While schools in the Public Ivy League are still fairly difficult to get into (particularly when it comes to specific honors programs within the schools), there is no doubt that top-tier private schools and Ivy League universities are significantly more selective. Compare the admissions rates for top eight most selective of the Public Ivies vs eight of the most highly ranked Ivy League and other top-tier private schools: School Acceptance Rate Public or Private? Harvard 5% Private Stanford 5% Private Columbia 6% Private Princeton 6% Private MIT 7% Private Yale 7% Private Caltech 8% Private UChicago 9% Private UCLA 16% Public UC Berkeley 17% Public Georgia Tech 23% Public UNC Chapel Hill 24% Public University of Michigan 27% Public University of Virginia 27% Public UC Santa Barbara 33% Public UC San Diego 34% Public The only two Public Ivies that even approach the top private schools in selectivity are UCLA and UC Berkeley. Size Part of the reason Ivy League schools and equivalent private schools (Stanford, MIT, or top liberal arts colleges) have lower admissions rates than Public Ivy schools has to do with school size. The median undergraduate population for an Ivy League institution is around 6,400 students, while for a Public Ivy it's closer to 25,000 students. Class size is one of the reasons applying to an honors program or college within a Public Ivy League school is so important. In an honors program, you’ll likely be in smaller classes and get more individualized attention. Academics Having rigorous academic programs is a defining characteristic of a Public Ivy League school, and most of the schools on our list have honors programs for high-achieving students who wish to challenge themselves. However, there is a huge variance in quality both between different schools and among different programs or colleges within the same school. For instance, UC Davis has one of the best programs in the country for agriculture, but some of their other departments are of relatively low quality (compared to what you’d find at a highly ranked private school). In contrast, UC Berkeley is a great school across most academic fields. Because of this, it’s important to do a little more research into Public Ivy schools than you would for a top-10 private university or college, particularly if you're looking at a second- or third-tier Public Ivy. You don't want to go to a school hoping to get a top pre-med education only to find out they have a weak bio department. Athletics Not only do Public Ivies have some of the top college sports teams in the nation, but they give out athletic scholarships. While this is true for some top private schools as well (Northwestern being the most prominent example), it's not the case for any Ivy League college and many other top private schools such as MIT and UChicago. If you’re a serious athlete and want to be part of a world-class team, then a Public Ivy League school might be a great choice for you. Similarly, if sports being a big part of campus life and having good sports teams is important to you as a fan, the Public Ivy League schools are a good fit. Nine of the 26 Public Ivies listed above are Big Ten Schools, with strong sports cultures and team spirit. UConn basketball players have some serious skills. (Mike Mozart/Flickr) Public Ivy League Schools: The Bottom Line If you want to apply to an academically rigorous, fairly selective, and well-known public school,you should absolutely consider applying to a Public Ivy. It makes great financial sense to apply to a Public Ivy in your state, and while Public Ivies can get more expensive for out-of-state students, they're still usually cheaper than a private college or university. Applying to an honors program within a Public Ivy, particularly if it's not in the top level of schools, is a must if you want a high-quality education. Honors programs have the bonus of being smaller and full of more academically driven students than the rest of the student body while at the same time being able to draw on the resources of a larger institution. Finally, do the research to find out which schools are outstanding in the areas you’re interested in studying. You might even discover that the best program in the country for the subject you're interested in is at a Public Ivy school in your state! Boston Public Library/Flickr What’s Next? Still wondering about the pros and cons of public universities? Use our discussion of public vs private colleges to figure out which type of school is right for you. Learn what it takes to get into an Ivy League school with this guide by a Harvard alum. Want to see if you have what it takes to get into the top private universities in the country? Find out how you stack up against the competition with our article about good SAT scores for the Ivy League Plus schools. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Evaluate the effectiveness of the YCJA on youth crime rates and Essay

Evaluate the effectiveness of the YCJA on youth crime rates and incarceration rates - Essay Example gued that the law was effective, whereby they cited the reduced rates of youth deviancy and custody in comparison to other nations of the world (Doob & Cesaroni, 2003). Nonetheless, the country identified the importance of reviewing the law and ensuring that they implemented another law that was not divisive and controversial. In addition, the review sought to address the argument that YOA overused the country’s custodial and court systems. Moreover, the review aimed at improving efficiency in responding to minor offenders who committed serious crimes (Department of Justice Canada, 2002). Based on the foregoing, it is evident that YCJA was a compromise between politicians. Nonetheless, the act is a response to the increasingly growing number of small cases about incidents of youth offenders committing heinous crimes while also acting as a response to the growing number of cases resulting from incarceration of youths for minor offenses. Indeed, these minor offenses had resulted to a decline in the confidence that the public had on the country’s judicial system. Overall, the main objective of the legislation was to deal with crimes committed by the youth and their eventual outcome. In effect, this expose will carry out an evaluation of the role that YCJA has played on the twin aspects of youth crime rates and incarceration rates. The Canadian Coalition for the Rights of Children (CCRC) (2011) identified Canada’s youth custody rates as among the highest in the world, which is prior to the implementation and legislation of the YCJA. In effect, this implies that Canadas implementation of this law was essential in order to enable the country deal with these youthful offenders and reduce these rates. In effect, CCRC (2011) observed a 27% decline in the rate of youths charged in a court of law or recommended to facing  court charges between 2002 and 2006. It is important to point out that the Canadian legislative system made this law in 2002. In line with this,